Sleep Apnea Complications

Sleep apnea can be dangerous if left untreated as it can lead to other more serious health problems to do with the heart such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, hypertension, abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), excessive carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), sleep deprivation, stroke and heart disease. The link between sleep apnea and heart disease however is still not completely understood.

Those suffering from heart related problems tend to have high incidences of sleep apnea. It is not clear to researchers whether sleep apnea directly contributes to the development of heart disease or not. However one thing is clear- for a person diagnosed with sleep apnea in the present, this person’s chance of developing hypertension down the line are very great. Studies have shown that when those who suffer from sleep apnea and high blood pressure are treated for both, the two conditions improve significantly. This also is the case for heart disease and sleep apnea.

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During a sleep apnea episode at night, blood pressure will shoot up because the level of oxygen drops and thus serves to stimulate receptors in the body that make their way to the brain. Once this happens, the brain sends a message to the nervous system informing the blood vessels to "tighten up" so to speak, to allow them to increase the oxygen flow to both the brain and the heart and then to other parts of the body. A patient who suffers from the cessation of breathing many times per night that lasts for anywhere from one to four minutes at a time can cause a great deal of stress overload on the heart. Interestingly enough this phenomena tends to carry over into a patient’s waking hours. The reduced levels of oxygen are likely to set off "multiple mechanisms" that take place even when the patient is awake and breathing regularly.

Those with sleep apnea are 2.3 times more likely to develop congestive heart failure than are those without sleep apnea. For obstructive sleep apnea patients the risk for having a stroke is 1.5 times more likely. As well those who suffer from atrial fibrillation can have more complications due to obstructive sleep apnea. Atrial fibrillation is a condition where the atrium (or upper portion of the heart) is not beating in synch with the ventricle (or lower portion of the heart). The treatment for atrial fibrillation is to "cardiovert" the heart. What this means is that the atrium is reset in such a way that it beats in harmony with the ventricle. After going through the "cardioversion" over half of patients find that their atrial fibrillation will return. Those suffering from obstructive sleep apnea are likely to have an eighty percent chance that they will suffer from the heart problem again in the future. The risk of sudden  death is greatly increased in patients who suffer from both obstructive sleep apnea as well as any heart related problem.

If left untreated either one of these conditions together can cause serious damage to a patient.

Read more:Central Sleep Apnea